LM324

The LM324 is a quad (4) low-power operational amplifier IC. It can operate from a single supply or dual supplies and is widely used in signal amplification, filtering, sensor interfacing, and control circuits.

It’s essentially four LM358 op-amps in a single DIP‑14 or SOIC‑14 package.

📊 Key Specifications
Parameter LM324 Typical Value
Op-Amps 4 per IC
Supply Voltage (Vcc) 3 V – 32 V (single supply) or ±1.5 V – ±16 V (dual supply)
Input Offset Voltage 2 mV typical
Input Bias Current 20 nA typical
Input Voltage Range 0 V to Vcc − 1.5 V
Output Voltage Swing ~0 V to Vcc − 1.5 V
Slew Rate 0.3 V/µs typical
Gain Bandwidth Product 1 MHz typical
Output Short-Circuit Protection Yes (internal)
Operating Temperature 0 °C – 70 °C (commercial)
Package Types DIP‑14, SOIC‑14